History of Rwanda

 

History

Pre-colonial times

Until the 15th century: It is still quite difficult to reconstruct the history of the area around present-day Rwanda, because there are no written testimonies and records. The oral traditions are often personally colored in their interpretation. For sure, that area has been settled by different groups and in different waves, and gradually a common culture and a common language, the Kinyarwanda, is emerging. Gradually, the terms "Hutu", "Tutsi" and "Twa" are formed - they go back to social and family distinctions and thus denote different statuses. In the center of social and economic organization in pre-colonial times is the family (inzu = house) with patrilineal descent. The family is part of a larger social unit, the lineage (umuryango). These in turn can form clans (ubwooko). Kingdoms develop above all this. However, the system is permeable in itself: Marriages between the different groups are possible and lineages separated by social stratification can belong to one clan. Depending on the economic development it is therefore possible to have a social advancement or relegation.

15th to 17th century: The Banyiginya kingdom asserts itself in central, southern and eastern Rwanda against other kingdoms and thereby expands greatly. Especially the areas in central Rwanda ruled by Bantu peoples are taken. In this kingdom, the Tutsis exercise jurisdiction and the king is given religious functions, which is accompanied by a sacralization of the kingdoms. King Ndori Ruganzu, who unified central Rwanda in the 16th century, is considered the great unifier of the nation.

18th century: King Cyilima Rujugira expands the military, establishes secure borders and successfully fends off various attacking neighbors, especially from Burundi. King Yuhi Gahindiro carries out various reforms, including the appointment of two administrators in each district. In the north, kingdoms continue to resist the central royal court.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Composition and patterns

Image
1. Rule of Thirds Divide your frame (or text structure) into a 3x3 grid and place key elements along the lines or intersections. This creates a balanced and visually appealing composition 2. Leading Lines Use lines (natural or artificial) to direct the viewer’s eye toward the main subject or focal point. In writing, this could mean structuring sentences to guide the reader smoothly. 3. Balance and Symmetry Maintain equilibrium in your composition by distributing elements evenly. You can use symmetrical balance for a harmonious feel or asymmetrical balance for a dynamic effect. 4. Contrast and emphasis Highlight the subject by using differences in color, shape, size, or brightness. In writing, contrast can be created through word choice, tone shifts, or juxtaposition of ideas. 5. Framing Use elements within the scene (like windows, trees, or doorways) to frame the subject, drawing attention to it. In writing, framing can mean opening and closing a piece with a similar idea or theme for ...
Read more

DifferenceTypeof photos

Image
  1.Landscape photographs  Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature but can also focus on human-made features or disturbances of landscapes 2.Sports photograph 3.Architectural photography 4.Food photograph 5.Environment photograph is a style of photography that captures a person in their natural surroundings. 6.Street photo graph   is a genre that focuses on capturing candid moments and interactions in public spaces   7.Fashion photograph a genre of photography that portrays clothing and other fashion items. This sometimes includes haute couture garments. 8.Portrait photograph . can range from artistic to practical, editorial to commercial. 9.Advertising Photography: billboard is newsworth becouse it signifies the presence of mount kigali university   10. Wildlife photography  can be intense and require an immense amount of patience. It can range from photos of birds
Read more

The'myth of king Ruganzu

Image
Ruganzu Ndoli. Today, in every part of Rwanda, you will find marks on rocks and places waterfalls, hills and caves named after an ancient King called Ruganzu. The story says that in 1510, a year after the coronation of King Henry VIII in England and at the prime time of the surging of the Ottoman Empire over the Middle East and North Africa, a king ascended the throne in Rwanda and ruled in the land of his fathers until he was arrowed in the eye and died in 1543. While still a teenager living with his aunt Nyabunyana on the other side of Akagera River in Karagwe k’Abahinda in the present day Kagera District in Tanzania’s Kagera Region, Prince Ndoli, son of King Ndahiro II Cyamatare, crossed River Akagera into Rwanda where he was being awaited by both friends and foes of his deceased father alike. He escaped the first attempt to kill him by herdsmen who lay in wait for him at the banks of River Akagera. He was crowned at Gatsibo in the East and assumed the named Ruganzu II Ndoli. He did...
Read more